Antony and Cleopatra Essay examples -- Antony and Cleopatra

As a onetime outpost of Rome, England was greatly influenced by Roman genealogy-ancestors that were god-like (Mars), superhuman (Hercules), fearless warriors (Pompey) who flourished in a patriarchal society (ancient 4). I would like to discuss how Shakespeare uses these characteristics in his Roman tragedy Antony and Cleopatra, as a means to express sixteenth century England's cultural upheavals, one of which was the transformation of masculinity defined in terms of power to masculinity rooted in humanism. Traditionally, the monarch of a country is the "head of the nobility"(Giddens 2) and skilled in weaponry so as to fight side by side with his soldiers. Queen Elizabeth shattered this tradition with her femininity and physical inability to fight a war. As Eugene Giddens points out, Elizabeth was viewed as "conflict-shy". Because she did not "enter war lightly", a great anxiety arose within the military and the English nobility. After all, their major source of honors and promotion in the monarch's court--great military feats--was constricted by the lack of war (Giddens 2). Shakespeare's emphasis on Rome's martial society in Antony and Cleopatra addresses the importance that a martial society held for men in England during Elizabeth's reign. Military prowess defined masculinity by power and honor. Giddens highlights a Francis Bacon quote from "Of the True Greatness of Kingdoms and Estates" in which Bacon writes "No body can be healthful without exercise, neither natural body nor politic: and certainly to a kingdom or estate, a just and honourable war is the true exercise . . . for in a slothful peace, both courages will effeminate and manners corrupt" (Giddens 13). Note the same sentiment for the relationship between war, ... ...age and Literature 15 (1990): 79-107. Carducci, Jane S. â€Å"Brutus, Cassius, and Caesar in Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar; Language and the Roman Male.† Language and Literature 13 (1988): 1-19. Giddens, Eugene. â€Å"Honourable Men: Militancy and Masculinity in Julius Caesar.† Renaissance Forum 5.2 (2001): 34 pars. 6 Oct. 2006. http://www.hull.ac.uk/renforum/v5no2/giddens.htm Shakespeare, William. â€Å" Antony and Cleopatra† The Necessary Shakespeare Second Edition. Ed. David Bevington. New York: Pearson Longman, 2005. 752-800. Vaught, Jennifer. â€Å"Masculinity and Affect in Shakespeare’s Winter’s Tale: Men of Feeling from the Renaissance through the Enlightenment.† 1650-1850: Ideas, Aesthetics, and Inquiries in the Early Modern Era 10 (2004): 305-325. Wofford, Susanne L. ed. Shakespeare’s Late Tragedies A Collection of Critical Essays. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. 1996. Antony and Cleopatra Essay examples -- Antony and Cleopatra As a onetime outpost of Rome, England was greatly influenced by Roman genealogy-ancestors that were god-like (Mars), superhuman (Hercules), fearless warriors (Pompey) who flourished in a patriarchal society (ancient 4). I would like to discuss how Shakespeare uses these characteristics in his Roman tragedy Antony and Cleopatra, as a means to express sixteenth century England's cultural upheavals, one of which was the transformation of masculinity defined in terms of power to masculinity rooted in humanism. Traditionally, the monarch of a country is the "head of the nobility"(Giddens 2) and skilled in weaponry so as to fight side by side with his soldiers. Queen Elizabeth shattered this tradition with her femininity and physical inability to fight a war. As Eugene Giddens points out, Elizabeth was viewed as "conflict-shy". Because she did not "enter war lightly", a great anxiety arose within the military and the English nobility. After all, their major source of honors and promotion in the monarch's court--great military feats--was constricted by the lack of war (Giddens 2). Shakespeare's emphasis on Rome's martial society in Antony and Cleopatra addresses the importance that a martial society held for men in England during Elizabeth's reign. Military prowess defined masculinity by power and honor. Giddens highlights a Francis Bacon quote from "Of the True Greatness of Kingdoms and Estates" in which Bacon writes "No body can be healthful without exercise, neither natural body nor politic: and certainly to a kingdom or estate, a just and honourable war is the true exercise . . . for in a slothful peace, both courages will effeminate and manners corrupt" (Giddens 13). Note the same sentiment for the relationship between war, ... ...age and Literature 15 (1990): 79-107. Carducci, Jane S. â€Å"Brutus, Cassius, and Caesar in Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar; Language and the Roman Male.† Language and Literature 13 (1988): 1-19. Giddens, Eugene. â€Å"Honourable Men: Militancy and Masculinity in Julius Caesar.† Renaissance Forum 5.2 (2001): 34 pars. 6 Oct. 2006. http://www.hull.ac.uk/renforum/v5no2/giddens.htm Shakespeare, William. â€Å" Antony and Cleopatra† The Necessary Shakespeare Second Edition. Ed. David Bevington. New York: Pearson Longman, 2005. 752-800. Vaught, Jennifer. â€Å"Masculinity and Affect in Shakespeare’s Winter’s Tale: Men of Feeling from the Renaissance through the Enlightenment.† 1650-1850: Ideas, Aesthetics, and Inquiries in the Early Modern Era 10 (2004): 305-325. Wofford, Susanne L. ed. Shakespeare’s Late Tragedies A Collection of Critical Essays. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. 1996.

The Mystery behind the novel Dracula by Bram Stoker

Perhaps the most impossible situation that a person could be into is be imprisoned in a haunted castle housed by weird people and be caught in a situation wherein there is no way out but maybe in the end, believing that you can will be a great help to strengthen your will to survive. Jonathan Harker’s experience in Count Dracula’s castle did not simply end it in escaping from the Count and from his wicked castle. Instead, it was the start of a much more serious talk about the society and about life.Despite being a horror novel, Dracula gave a clear view of a life that a person should have involving transformation, religious beliefs and even sexuality and its boundaries thus, the novel holds a clear issue of several aspects in life pointing in four major topics. The novel Dracula did not simply talked about the horror of being with the vampires but it showed a society in its near transformation, erasing every mark of innocence and purity.The novel Dracula did not support just any myth or legend but, it made a new way to discover and pin point critical issue happening in the society and the every normal day of a human being thus it leads us into analyzing the whole novel and figuring out what is the hidden message behind the horrific story. Thesis Statement: Bram Stoker’s Dracula did not just retell a story of people affected by Count Dracula, instead, he told a story of a changing society and the effects that it will give to the rest of the humanity.With Count Dracula in the story, Stoker told a story of transformation and a battle between the good and the evil. Literature Review: Bram Stoker: The Author of a legendary vampire story On the eight day of November 1847, Bram Stoker was born in Clontarf, Ireland (Miller, n. pag). Son of a civil servant and a charity worker, his mother, also a writer, he enjoyed every story she told her. He was a sickly boy although his childhood but an intelligent one (Douthat and Hopson , n. pag. ).In 1867, he graduated in Trinity College majoring in Mathematics and later on joined the Irish civil service. He also worked as a freelance journalist and wrote drama critics (Miller, n. pag. ). He became a good friend of Henry Irving and he managed the Lyceum Theatre owned by the English Actor until his death in 1906 (Encarta, n. pag. ). Aside from Dracula, Stoker’s first stories were children stories. His stories were not given much appreciation at that time but when he released the novel â€Å"Dracula† in 1897, It became the great hit as time goes by.Bram Stoker, Abraham Stoker (Encarta, n. pag) by birth died in 1912 (Douthat and Hopson , n. pag. ). Dracula: Backgrounder Bram Stoker’s Dracula was not his first novel but it is his greatest literary achievement even if it was not a big hit on its first release (Douthat and Hopson , n. pag. ). The continuous printing of the novel up to the present reveals its success to readers all around the world. Thus, the success of thi s novel showed that the people are really interested with horror stories. It marked the coming of the â€Å"horror† genre in the novels.Although it was focused in telling a horror story, Bram Stoker emphasized some points necessary in our lives thus giving the readers a hint of what it could be if something like in the story happens in real life. The novel was about Count Dracula, the king of the vampires and the group of young noble men who chases him and kills him in the end. It was a horror novel included in the gothic genre written in 1891 to 1897 in London England and was published by Constable in 1897 in an English language (Douthat and Hopson , n.pag. ).. The whole paper is mostly made up of journals written by the characters in the novel. From the first person perspective, the conversation shifts into several people with the tone of melodramatic, righteous and dark. Set in the nineteenth century Eastern Europe and England, Bram Stoker’s Dracula, Mina, Lucy, Jon athan, Quincey, Arthur, Val and John tried to stop the Evil Count Dracula from transforming people into vampires and killing more and more (Douthat and Hopson , n. pag. ). Dracula: SummaryThe story of the novel â€Å"Dracula† started in a journal entry of Jonathan Harker in one of his business travels in Transylvania for a real state transaction with a person named Count Dracula. On his way to the Eastern European country, he decided to write down his travel in a journal and later share it to his girlfriend and fiancee named Mina. Although he as warned by the people and was even given protection such as crucifixes, he was determined to continue the transaction and did not pay too much attention with the warnings of the local peasants (Stoker, 1-26).When he reached Count Dracula’s castle, his suspicions disappeared when he was welcomed by a man but during his stay in the castle, he was frightened by some circumstances which drew him investigating. When he determined tha t he was already a prisoner in the castle by no other than Count Dracula, he attempted to escape but all he found were locked doors all over the castle (Stoker, 29-51). In his sleep, he removed the crucifix given to him and was somehow â€Å"Attacked† by three voluptuous and seductive women who were also vampires like Count Dracula.Before they were able to have him, Count Dracula came and saved him (Stoker, 68-73). On the other hand, his fiancee was having a continuous exchange of letters with her friend named Lucy who was talking about her marriage proposals from three men named John Seward, a doctor, Arthur Holmwood, a noble man and the one she choose to marry and lastly was from Quincey Morris (Stoker, 98-109). The whole adventure started when Mina visited Lucy in Whitby and was saddened by the fact that her fiancee haven’t arrived yet. In her stay with Lucy, she found out that she was sleep walking mostly at night.To help her, she talked to Dr. Seward and they trie d to help Lucy but in hopelessness, Dr. Seward asked for the help of his mentor Van Helsing who also tried his best to revive Lucy (Stoker, 113-170). Jonathan who already reunited with his fiancee after having brain fever asked Mina to hide his journal and open only if it is needed. Upon knowing the situation of her friend through Steward, she gave him the journal and Jonathan started a new one after knowing that something like his experienced happened to Lucy. In hopelessness, the older doctor tried to save Lucy through Garlic powers.The latter mixed tradition, belief and modern science to save Lucy but in the end, she died and belong to the â€Å"Un-dead† (Stoker, n. pag). Now chasing Count Dracula, Van Helsing created a group to chase the Count in exemption of Mina who will later on become the Count’s next target. Although it was hard for Holmwood to kill his beloved Lucy, they killed her to save her soul now that she is also a vampire killing children. Mina on the other hand was attacked by the Count in her sleep, unaware that she was already a victim of Count Dracula’s goal to turn a person into a vampire (Stoker, n.pag). The band travelled miles over seas and land to capture the Count and when they did, they killed him and Mina became human again while Quincey Morris died of a fatal wound (Stoker, 653-684). Women in the Victorian Society When it comes to the status of women in the society, there is a big debate on their existence. Although they were mostly treated with respect, it is also visible that men do not look at them as equal. There are several stories about the women of the past centuries and how they live up their life being just a second class citizen in the world made only for man.There are also a lot of historical contexts about the women suffrage and the movements which fought hard enough to have a fair and equal treatment between the men and the woman. Now, there is a difference between the women of the past and the Vi ctorian women. Hearing the word Victorian would made one think that it is such a glamorous and social word created for the members of the higher society, the rich and the famous but what is in there with the Victorian women that made them famous? Victorian era lasted for 64 years and there were numerous changes both in the society and the women’s attitudes right before the century ended.Victorian era was a very long year or moment of prosperity thus there were several strict laws or perhaps moral codes (Thomas, n. pag). Victorian women were women of good qualities. At a young age, the Victorian women are being groomed and taught of certain things to prepare them before they enter courtship and get married. They are expected to be weak and incapable of making decisions. She is the man of the house, only in the house. Her major role is to bear children, prepare the food and maintain a smooth atmosphere in the family (Thomas, n. pag).Although the above paragraph states the gener al status of Victorian women in the society, among their race, there are still some differences between the classes. Victorian women or wife of a wealthy man is her husband’s social representative and spends most of her time either writing or reading or sewing and many more while the poor women are not as lucky as the Victorian women (Thomas, n. pag). The greatest detector of differences was the clothes worn by the women. While wealthy wives wear the traditional Victorian clothes made up of high quality materials, the poor women do not share the same luxury (Thomas, n.pag). Social Issues visible in the Novel Although the novel focused more in the story of Count Dracula and his plans to take over humanity and turn each one into vampires, there are slight attachments in the social situation that is visible during those times in the Victorian society. Stoker touched a important aspect of the Victorian society, the Victorian women who were commonly house people thus in his novel, he characterized them as a typical women of the Victorian era, heroines of the novel, Mina and Lucy possessed the attitudes of a typical women of their time but with a twist.The transformation of women of their time is one of the great issues in the novel. With the fast changing prosperity and development of the era, there are also several changes both in the society, the women and the men alike. With just this issue of transformation, it opens the issue of sexual boundaries and sexuality. While men were considered as strong individuals, women are considered as weak people with no power to make decisions except when it comes to daily meals for the family.They are not expected to work outside of the house, especially the rich ones and at the same time, they practice etiquette in the right and proper way. Treated as second class citizens with respect, the women were precious gems of the era (Thomas, n. pag). Thus it matters the most if these women who practiced innocence and purity t urned into someone different perhaps turn into a seductive and sexually starve women, there is a big debate of the idea that these precious gems will turn into a destroyer of innocence. At the same time, the seal boundaries talked more on the gender bias issue that there is in the society.Perhaps, there is no need to explain further why this one is mentioned because while reading the book, one will understand that the women of that time do not have the same rights as the men. Even Van Helsing does not want Mina to join them in their chase with the Count. This one is enough evidence that the women are treated with a different way than the men. While men are heroes, women are damsels in distress. Drawn Conclusion Bram Stoker’s Dracula talked more on vampires and Count Dracula’s evil plans, each part of the novel symbolized the people of the society particularly the Victorian women.The transformation of a Victorian woman to a seductive and sexually active woman is one of the transformations that are very threatening to the humanity. Not that women should remain tame but because it erases innocence that one holds. At the same time, the sexual attraction that a woman can exercise could make a man down for her thus making him just a follower. The novel simply talked transformation in a way that it will not be seen directly except of keen observance in the characters and the flow of the story.Although there is a little bit unclear instances, the mere fact that Count Dracula chooses to victimize women means that there is an on-going transformation with the Victorian women and in order to somehow state the transformation or the changes, Stoker probably thought that using them as characters in the novel, preferably as heroines, Mina and Lucy stood for the Victorian women, an image of class, wit and elegance while the three vampire women who attacked Harker in the first chapter showed the drastic change of the women of the Victorian era being seductive and sexually attractive to the eyes of the men.The battle between the good and the evil is shown by the characters of Count Dracula and the group of Van Helsing. While Count Dracula wanted to changed humanity into vampires and makes the human beings as the primary source of food instead of humans searching for foods, in the Count’s dream, men will be the food and the vampires will be the killers. Although this is such an impossible thing, we must take it into account that the vampires are part of legends and myths which can somehow be considered either true or not.While we are stressing the reality that the novel wants us to see, there are certain issues that must be given more attention. The horror that the book brings to the readers and the chills it gives and the shivers it lets to run down in our body, there is a much more important idea and issue that should be given a tougher concentration. The massacre and the killings that the vampires give us are already present in the s ociety. Although it does not actually look like the vampire killings, the murder that there is in the society is part of the horror.The evil deeds of the evil people who can do crimes are characterized by Dracula’s evil plans for the humanity. We must take it into account that the crimes are evil things and evil deeds to thus we experience horror almost everyday, When it comes to sexual boundaries, this is focused in gender bias because in the Victorian era, there were no justified rights for the women and no one treats them as their equal. As women of the society, they have less rights and equality is out of reach. Although some would consider these women as precious gems, not all will give them the same attention thus this leads to inequality and gender bias.The third issue is the sexuality. In Victorian era and most of the time, men are the only ones who can make indecent proposals or ask for sex, women on the other hand practices innocence when it comes to sex thus they w ere trained to be glamorous and innocent starting from and as they grow up. The actuations of the vampire women do not belong to the women of the Victorian era. Aside from being timid and shy, these women do not need to be sexually attractive because in the first place, they are already beautiful and well trained individuals.The Count Dracula stands for evil while the women vampires stand for the near transformation of the Victorian women because of the development of the society. From being a timid and shy girl, the Victorian women could turn into someone who can lure men and deceive them. The novel did exactly a great job in painting a futuristic image of women and the society thus; Stoker provided an initial statement of the future women. Works Cited â€Å"Bram Stoker,† Microsoft ® Encarta ® Online Encyclopedia 2008 ahttp://encarta. msn. comâ€Å"Count Dracula,† Microsoft ® Encarta ® Online Encyclopedia 2008. http://encarta. msn. com Douthat, Ross and Hopson , David. SparkNote on Dracula. 11 Jul. 2008 . Miller, Elizabeth. â€Å"Dracula’s Homepage†. 2006. http://www. ucs. mun. ca/~emiller/index. html SFReader. â€Å"SFReader Book Review†. 2000-2008. http://sfreader. com/Home/BookReview/tabid/55/Default. aspx? book=463 Stoker, Bram. â€Å"Dracula†. 1897. Constable, England Thomas, P. W. â€Å"A Woman's Place in C19th Victorian History†. 2001-2008. http://www. fashion-era. com/a_womans_place. htmaga

Edgar Allen Poe s Tales Of Terror And The Raven Essay

Edgar Allen Poe s Tales of Terror and The Raven The film of chosen I decided upon was Edgar Allen Poe s Tales of Terror, and the reading I choose was Edgar Allen Poe s famous The Raven. Both the film and the writing included a common theme of death and tragedy. The film was separated into three different tales, while all three-tales had a very different story line they all included the common theme I stated above. In the film, I also concluded that for each action there was a reaction, meaning each bad deed done there was a repercussion to the action. In the Poem, The Raven it also includes death and the sorrow and the human s need to self-torture. Edgar Allen Poe s ability to capture his readers into his dark imagination of horror and mystery is one that will forever be famous for. In the first Tales of Terror Morella was a story about a father and daughter whose relationship was compromised, as she was being blamed of the cause of death of her mother. The Daughter Lenora returns to her father s house after twenty-six years of being away. Her father Locke isn t welcoming to her returning as he still holds resentment to her for the death of his wife from giving birth. Lenora comes across the corpse of her mother and startled, Locke states he could not manage with the thought of burying her six feet under. When your mother died I then died as well her father states. You can see the hurt the Locke holds inside of him without having his beloved wife with him. WhenShow MoreRelatedGothic Literature : `` Tell Tale Heart `` And `` The Raven ``1698 Words   |  7 Pagesthrough Edgar allan Poe. Edgar Allan has a number of common Themes, motifs and structures that make his work easily recognizable and more importantly, fits his stories into the classification of the goth ic. 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business plan Essay - 2166 Words

Wedding Consultants 1.0 Executive Summary CMG Wedding Consultants is a full service company that provides complete consulting services for weddings, birthdays, anniversaries and every other special event. Our consultants are experienced and dedicated professionals with many years of event planning experience. CMG is unique in that we give our clients our undivided attention. We listen to their needs and work with them to create the event of their dreams. Our clients wishes become our commands. So whether our client wants a Western, Tropical, Las Vegas or more traditional wedding, we can help. Our services include weddings, honeymoons, receptions, anniversary consultations, budget planning, answers to etiquette questions, as well as†¦show more content†¦By doing this, our clients can sit back and enjoy their event. The result? 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Type: bar and restaurant for young people Category: II. class Service method: plate service Menu type: A’la Carte Opening hours: Sunday to Wednesday 10:00-22:00 Thursday to Saturday 13:00-05:00 No day off Target market: students, tourists and residents Location: Budapest, Margit kà ¶rà ºt Few steps from Margaret Island Easy to reach by tram Seating capacity: 120 (80+40) 1st floor: kitchen area, 80 seated restaurant, bar, armchairsRead Morebusiness plan5494 Words   |  22 Pagesbecause we as a young generation that want to open new shop sold the â€Å"Keropok Leko†. OBJECTIVE OF THE ORGANIZATION Every business opportunity begins with the existence of various customers needs and wants for particular product or service. A need is something that is basic in life such as food, clothes and shelter. Therefore, our companies take these advantages and venture a business based on food industries. Our main activity is to manufacture keropok lekor that is made from fish paste, flour, and saltsRead MoreBusiness Plan For A Business1866 Words   |  8 Pages Business Plan Buiness model in theory and practice according to Wikipedia is used for a broad range of informal and forma l descriptions to represent the core aspects of a business, including the purposes of that business, its process, target customers, of ferings, strategies , infrastructure, organizational structures, trading practice, and operational processes and policies . Below, we would look at two kinds of business model (franchise and tradition al business) , their pros and cons, o r their

Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee - 1887 Words

â€Å"Remember it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird.† ~ Atticus Finch. Atticus, a major character in Harper Lee s classic novel â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird† says this after giving the children rifles. Atticus indicates they can shoot at any kind of bird besides the mockingbird, because unlike other birds who will eat peoples plants and ruin their gardens, the mockingbird will just sing. The mockingbird exemplifies one who is weak, or defenseless. To kill a mockingbird is equivalent to one who takes advantage of any who are weak. â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird†, written by Harper Lee, is often considered a direct influence from her own life in 1936.Published July 11th, 1960, Lee was 30 years old. She died February 19, 2016 at 89 years old. The main character is a ten year old girl named Jean Louise Finch; however, everyone calls her Scout. Her father is Atticus Finch, a defense lawyer who commonly protects black citizens rights. All throughout [the novel] she can be found with her four year older brother Jeremy Finch, nicknamed Jem. Across their street lives one Arthur Radley, at a young age he was forced into isolation by his father, and since then had never left his house, even after his fathers death he continued to hide until the point people thought of him as a ghost and was given the name Boo. The first Point the story tries to make is the need to put yourself in other peoples shoes, and how other people feel. The story starts when Jem and Scout are playing in their back yard, they hearShow MoreRelatedKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1049 Words   |  5 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird: How a Story could be based on True Events in Everyday LifeDaisy GaskinsCoastal Pines Technical Collegeâ€Æ'Harper Lee was born in Monroeville, Alabama. Her father was a former newspaper editor and proprietor, who had served as a state senator and practiced as a lawyer in Monroeville. Also Finch was known as the maiden name of Lee’s mother. With that being said Harper Lee became a writer like her father, but she became a American writer, famous for her race relations novel â€Å"ToRead MoreTo Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee1000 Words   |  4 Pagesworld-wide recognition to the many faces of prejudice is an accomplishment of its own. Author Harper Lee has had the honor to accomplish just that through her novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, a moving and inspirational story about a young girl learning the difference between the good and the bad of the world. In the small town of Monroeville, Alabama, Nelle Harper Lee was born on April 28, 1926. Growing up, Harper Lee had three siblings: two sisters and an older brother. She and her siblings grew up modestlyRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1290 Words   |  6 PagesHarper Lee published To Kill a Mockingbird during a rough period in American history, also known as the Civil Rights Movement. This plot dives into the social issues faced by African-Americans in the south, like Tom Robinson. Lee felt that the unfair treatment towards blacks were persistent, not coming to an end any time in the foreseeable future. This dark movement drove her to publish this novel hopeful that it would encourage the society to realize that the harsh racism must stop. Lee effectivelyRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee873 Words   |  4 PagesIn the book, To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee illustrates that â€Å"it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird† throughout the novel by writing innocent characters that have been harmed by evil. Tom Robinson’s persecution is a symbol for the death of a mockingbird. The hunters shooting the bird would in this case be the Maycomb County folk. Lee sets the time in the story in the early 1950s, when the Great Depression was going on and there was poverty everywhere. The mindset of people back then was that blackRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee963 Words   |  4 Pagesgrowing up, when older characters give advice to children or siblings.Growing up is used frequently in the novel To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee. Harper Lee uses the theme growing up in To Kill a Mockingbird to change characters opinion, develop characters through their world, and utilizes prejudice to reveal growing up. One major cause growing up is used in To Kill a Mockingbird is to represent a change of opinion. One part growing up was shown in is through the trial in part two of the novelRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1052 Words   |  5 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee takes place in Maycomb County, Alabama in the late 30s early 40s , after the great depression when poverty and unemployment were widespread throughout the United States. 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This honor society is a huge accomplishment and is considered the highest recognition for artistic talent and accomplishment in the United States. Along with these accomplishments, herRead MoreKill A Mockingbird, By Harper Lee1197 Words   |  5 Pagessuch as crops, houses, and land, and money was awfully limited. These conflicts construct Harper Lee’s novel, To Kill a Mocking Bird. In To Kill a Mocking Bird, Lee establishes the concurrence of good and evil, meaning whether people are naturally good or naturally evil. Lee uses symbolism, characterization, and plot to portray the instinctive of good and evil. To Kill a Mocking Bird, a novel by Harper Lee takes place during the 1930s in the Southern United States. The protagonist, Scout Finch,

Principles of Dimensional Modeling Free Essays

Dimensional modeling is system of a logical design used by several data warehouse designers for their commercial OLAP products. DM is considered to be the single practicable technique for databases that are intended to support end-user queries in a data warehouse. It is quite dissimilar from entity-relation modeling. We will write a custom essay sample on Principles of Dimensional Modeling or any similar topic only for you Order Now Though ER is very functional for the transaction capture and the data administration phases of creating a data warehouse, but it should be shunned for end-user delivery. This paper explains the dimensional modeling and how dimensional modeling technique varies/ contrasts with ER models. Dimensional Modeling technique is a preferred choice in data warehousing. Basically, it is a technique of logical design which presents the data in a standard, intuitive framework that allows for high-performance access. It is intrinsically dimensional, and it sticks on to a discipline that uses the relational model with some significant restrictions. In each DM, there is one table with a multiple key, called the fact table, and a set of smaller tables called dimension tables. Each dimension table consists of a single-part primary key that corresponds precisely to one of the components of the multipart key in the fact table. This characteristic of star-like structure is generally called a star join. Due to multipart primary key made up of two or more foreign keys in fact table, it always articulates a many-to-many relationship. The most valuable fact tables include one or more numerical measures that crop up for the permutation of keys that delineate each record. Dimension tables have explanatory textual information. Dimension attributes are used as the source of most of the interesting constraints in data warehouse queries, and they are virtually always the source of the row headers in the SQL answer set. Dimension Attributes are the various columns in a dimension table. In the Location dimension, the attributes can be Location Code, State, Country, Zip code. Normally the Dimension Attributes are used in report labels, and query constraints such as where ‘Country=US’. The dimension attributes also contain one or more hierarchical relationships. One has to decide the subjects before designing a data warehouse. In DM, a model of tables and relations is constituted with the purpose of optimizing decision support query performance in relational databases, relative to a measurement or set of measurements of the outcomes of the business process being modeled. Whereas, conventional E-R models are composed to eradicate redundancy in the data model, to facilitate retrieval of individual records having certain critical identifiers, and therefore, optimize On-line Transaction Processing (OLTP) performance. The grain of the fact table is usually a quantitative measurement of the outcome of the business process being analyzed in a DM. The dimension tables are generally composed of attributes measured on some discrete category scale that describe, qualify, locate, or constrain the fact table quantitative measurements. Ralph Kimball views that the data warehouse should always be modeled using a DM/star schema. Kimball has affirmed that though DM/star schemas have the better performance in comparison to E-R models, their use involves no loss of information, because any E-R model can be signified as a set of DM models without loss of information. In E-R models, normalization through addition of attributive and sub-type entities destroys the clean dimensional structure of star schemas and creates snowflakes, which, in general, slows down browsing performance. But in star schemas, browsing performance is protected by restricting the formal model to associative and fundamental entities, unless certain special conditions exist. The dimensional model has a numerous important data warehouse advantages which the ER model is deficient in. The dimensional model is an expected, standard outline. The wild variability of the structure of ER models means that each data warehouse needs custom, handwritten and tuned SQL. It also means that each schema, once it is tuned, is very vulnerable to changes in the user’s querying habits, because such schemas are asymmetrical. By contrast, in a dimensional model all dimensions serve as equal entry points to the fact table. Changes in users’ querying habits don’t change the structure of the SQL or the standard ways of measuring and controlling performance (Ramon Barquin and Herb Edelstein, 1996). It can be concluded that dimensional modeling is the only feasible technique for designing end-user delivery databases. ER modeling beats end-user delivery and should not be used for this intention. ER modeling form the micro relationships among data elements thus it is not a proper business model (Ramon Barquin and Herb Edelstein, 1996). How to cite Principles of Dimensional Modeling, Papers

Business Law Cases

Questions: 1. Advise three friends what they should take into consideration when making up their minds if they should set up their business as a general partnership (unincorporated) or as a limited liability company (incorporated)? 2. A business associate, who has taken on a new role as Operations Manager of a small business, has asked you to help her to explain the difference between an employee and an independent contractor to her Managing Director? 3. Your colleague has missed classes and asks you to help him catch up on the European Union (EU) elements of the module. Write a short report for him, explaining the significance of both monist and dualist legal systems and the difference between EU Regulations and Directives? Answers: Introduction to assignment:- This assignment contains three questions regarding business law cases. First question is about unincorporated partnership and incorporated LLP. Second question is about the distinction between the contractor and an employee. Third question is about European Union elements of the module. Other part of the question asks about significance of both monist and dualist legal systems and the difference between EU regulations and Directives. 1. Three friends are making their mind to set up their business as a general partnership or as a Limited Liability Company. We are required to guide them what important points need due consideration while starting a business as general partnership or as a limited liability company. Provisions of partnership are covered by different partnership acts. General partnership is covered by partnership Act 1890. General partnership is one of the business forms. In general partnership, more than two people start up a business with the aim of earning profits. Partners in general partnership are jointly and severally liable for the liabilities of the business. The provisions of The Limited Partnership Act 1907 are applicable to the limited partnership. In limited partnership, sleeping partners may become partners but they would have limited liability compared to active partners. Limited partnership can be created by all the sleeping partners. Provisions of The Limited Liability partnership Act 2000 are applicable to Limited Liability partnership. Partners may have limited and specific liability under Limited Liability partnership and it would be considered as a separate legal person. Though, it will be considered as partnership for tax and it would not be subject to much regulations. Now, lets discuss the points to be kept in mind while setting up a business as a partnership. Below given are some common points when deciding about setting up a business as a partnership or a limited liability partnership. First of all, partners should decide what kind of partnership they want to enter into. Accordingly the partnership act will be made applicable based on the type of partnership. Name should be given to the partnership and it should be registered with the appropriate authority. 1. Before setting up a business as partnership and while drawing up a partnership agreement, share of profits and losses should be decided first. Definite percentage of profits and losses should be decided so that disputes may not arise at a later point. 2. Capital contribution of every partner should be definite. Capital contribution is an important feature of a business as without capital contribution business cannot be started. 3. Authority and responsibility of every partner should be clarified to smoothen the functioning of business. Separation of authorities and responsibilities will make the running of business proper. 4. Opening of a bank account and management of a bank account should be made properly. 5. The ownership of assets of partners should be defined. Which partner will own which asset and to what extent should be clarified. 6. Terms and conditions related to withdrawal and interest on loan as well as interest on withdrawal should be defined. The agreement should be made taking into account the provisions of partnership acts. 7. Management of accounts of the partnership should be given to the specific partner to remove the difficulties of a business. 8. Terms regarding entrance and removal o a partner should be clarified properly. 9. The circumstances when the partnership will come to an end should be included in the partnership agreement. 10. After removal or resignation of a partner the condition that would apply to him regarding competing with their rivals should be clarified. Above given are few of the common points that should be considered while drawing up a partnership agreement. Another part of question one is about Limited Liability Company. We are required to state the point to be considered while setting up a business as Limited Liability Company. first, lets understand whats Limited Liability Company. Its one of the business structures where the liabilities of the shareholders are limited. The liabilities of the companies are not directly the legal liabilities of the shareholders. To start up a business with limited liability, one should decide the company name, register it with the registrar and an official UK address which will be the registered office of your company where the documentation will be kept and all the communications will be made. All the other businesses and activities of the company will be included in the MOA. MOA of the company generally contains following points:- 1. Company name should be specified in the MOA. It should not contain any sensitive names. However, it should only contain limited word at the end. 2. Location of the registered office should be specified in the MOA. Office of registered office should be in UK. 3. Objects of the company should be defined in the MOA. What business your company would carry, main as well incidental objects should be included in MOA. 4. The liabilities of the members should be limited. This means shareholders liability would be limited up the value of the shares they hold. 5. Amount of share capital should be specified. Authorised as well as all other type of capitals like subscribed, called up, paid up should be defined. 2. A business associate has taken on a new role an operations manager of a small business. She needs to explain her managing director the distinction between a contractor and an employee. Employees are the persons working under an employer who can be part time as well as full time employees. Employees are bound by the instructions given by the employers. When people decide to hire people to work under them, there emerge two possibilities; they may hire either employees or independent contractors. Like, if want to construct a special set for an award function and you employ some carpenter to create specific type of banquet according to your specification then that carpenter be called the independent contractor. Difference between employees and independent contractors:- Employee:- Hiring an employee leads to payment of payroll taxes on that employee. Apart from payroll taxes another obligation may be to make unemployment and workers compensation to the appropriate government agency. Another important feature of employees is that you can train them the way you want and make them work for certain hours at specific place. Employees work only for the employer they are hired by. They are paid on a regular basis. Employees work for certain number of hours. Employees can be fired or can be made to quit the job. Moreover, employees receive employment benefits like health and disability insurance. Employees work under the control of the employer and according to the direction of the employer. They complete the task given in the manner decided of requested by the employer. They dont need to invest any amount in the work they do for their employer or make any specific expenditure to finish up the task. Employees have general education and a specific background to work fo r specific position and they get proper training from the employer to work in a specific manner and to complete the job in a better way. They get salary from the employer at regular interval of time after deduction of their taxes and security taxes and medical taxes under federal Insurance Contributions Act. Employees get unemployment compensation from the employer after termination or lay off. They also receive workers compensation benefits for any workplace injury. Employment of an employee can be fired for specific reason and with serving of a specific notice. There are specific rules and regulations for minimum wages and overtime hours under which the employees are governed. Employees are even covered under laws related to safety at workplace and anti-discrimination. They can even create or join a union. Independent contractors:- Contractors are already trained persons who work for themselves and not for anyone else which means they work on independent basis and not under the employment of any person. They already have learned their job skills anywhere else. They are free to do their work according to the mutual consent of both the parties. The product will be delivered according to the specifications of the person hiring the contractor but the way of performing and completing the task will be decided by the contractor himself. They cant be forced to work in a certain way or for certain specific hour or at a specific location. Unlike employees, contractors may have other clients. Contractors are not paid on regular basis like employees but they are paid on project basis. Working hours can be decided by the contractors. They may work according to their convenience. Contractors cant be fired usually like employees. Both the parties are bound by the contract made. Employer or contractor may have to pay certain c ompensation if any of them breaches the contract terms or cancel the contract. Contractors provide services to more than one company. They dont receive employment benefits like employees receive. They work independently according to their own wish. They accomplish their work according to their choice and they can do so without the input of employer. They have to incur the costs as well as investments to accomplish the task given. They come with specific job skills of their own. They dont need to be trained by the employer for completing the task. They pay their tax dues on their own. Employers are not obliged to pay the taxes on behalf of them like employees. They are not even subject to FICA taxes. Contractors are not even given the benefits of unemployment compensation. Employers can fire contractors anywhere at any time unless the contract specifies the terms related to the same. Contractors are paid according to the terms and conditions of the contract and they are not eligible to specific other compensations like employee receive. Contractors are not even covered under the laws of safety at workplace or anti-discrimination. Contractors are not entitled to form or join a union. This way employee and contractors differ from each other. 3. European Union:- European Union is an association of 28 states which are its members and which are specifically situated in Europe. The European Union works with the help of certain institutions and intergovernmental decisions by the member states. Its partnership between 28 members states that together cover most of the European continent. EU was created after Second World War. The first motive of the EU was to expand economic co-operation between the countries who trade with one another and is become economically interdependent. This was decided to remove the conflicts. European Economic Community was resulted from this in the year 1958. Initially, it was the union of 6 countries. After that, a wide market has been created and its continuing to develop to its potential. In the year 1993, the name changed to EU from EEC. EU works on a rule of law. Whatever EU does is based on treaties, voluntarily and independently agreed by all the countries. EUs goals are decided by the binding agreements set out. Mobility, stability, growth and single currency are the goals of EU. EU has till date help people raising their standard of living, delivered peace among countries, gave prosperity and launched a single currency named EURO. EU countries boarder control abolition has played major role in success of EU. People now-a-days can travel freely across all the continents of EU. The single market has enabled the different things like currency, people, services and goods to move freely across the nation. Another main goal of EU is to create huge resources si that people can get maximum benefit from it. European parliament is the main runner of EU. Wide powers are given European parliament. European parliament, national parliaments and European institutions play grea ter role in proper running of the EU. European citizens are also taking part in political success of Europe. Significance of Monist and Dualist legal systems:- Monist and Dualist are the international laws. Question here is how the international laws can be applied to domestic legal systems. Monist legal system says that, both the national laws and international laws form a unity. Therefore, in Monist concept international laws need not to be converted into laws of national countries. The international treaties ratification instantly converts international laws into national one. Therefore, the judicial decisions of ICC can be applied to national court cases. However, Monist system has different approaches in itself. Some of constitutions permit immediate application of international laws while in other constitutions direct application takes place only for self executing treaties. In Dualist system, international law cant be directly applied to the national law. It should first be translated into national law and then application of the same to domestic law is possible. Therefore, in Dualist system only ratification of international law is not enough and implementation of national legislation is necessary. Difference between EU regulation and directives:- EU regulations are binding on all over the EU continents. Like, when EU decided to save the names of agricultural products from specific areas then the council did the needful and adopted a regulation. It is addressed to all the members of state and they were fully applied. They can be applied without the need of national legislation. Directives mean goals decided by the EU which are required to be achieved by the member countries must achieve. However, the process of achieving that goal can be decided by the countries on their own. This happened with the working time directives, according to which overtime work was illegal. It was given that minimum rest period and maximum working hours were decided which all the countries were required to follow. However, how to implement that was every countrys own matter of thinking. References:- ANON, N.D., Unincorporated Association, Accessed on 7th August 2015, ANON, N.D., Partnerships, Accessed on 7th August 2015, ANON, N.D., Partnerships, Accessed on 7th August 2015, ANON, N.D., The Partnership Act 1890, Accessed on 7th August 2015, ANON, N.D., Limited Liability, Accessed on 7th August 2015, ANON, N.D., Limited Liability Companies, Accessed on 7th August 2015, ANON, N.D., Difference Between Employees and Contractors, Accessed on 7th August 2015, ANON, N.D., Difference Between Employees and Contractors, Accessed on 7th August 2015, ANON, N.D., Significance of Dualist and Monist, Accessed on 7th August 2015, ANON, N.D., European Union, Accessed on 7th August 2015,